The records of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands are voluminous, focusing primarily on African Americans in the southern states. The names of all free blacks were included in the 1850 and 1860 census. Index to 1870 Federal Census - African American Households Located at African-American Census Schedules Online [Report Broken Link] Dale Co. 1870 Federal Census Images Located at Mark Grace's Genealogy Page [Report Broken Link] 1870 Federal Census - Barnes Road P.O. Negro population of Georgia by counties. Facts for Features & Special Editions | January 07, 2021. Volume 1. C. … Far fewer finding aids for these records have be… 1870 U.S. Census - Calvin Kelly household - Enlarged 1870 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, Beat 1, Corsicana post office, page 1, dwelling 3, family 3, Calvin Kelly household; digital images, Ancestry.com; citing NARA microfilm publication M593, FHL Film roll 1600. It is the first census to name all former slaves. First Black Bishop: At Grace Church in New York City, Episcopal Priest Samuel David Ferguson becomes the first Black bishop of the American House of Bishops when he is consecrated a Bishop in the Church of God. Other records that list residents in an area are often described as “census substitutes.” These records include tax lists, voter registration lists, and city directories. Given names and/or surnames, and specific locations may differ from our data. In contrast, the African American percentage of the total population in other parts of the U.S. (outside of the South) was historically almost always in the … Use the now-familiar process to attempt to locate your ancestor by name in the 1860 population schedule. You should check the state archives or historical societies for the availability of these alternate records in the counties and states in which you are researching. African Americans are listed on records prior to 1870. Indexed names include heads-of-household and any person with a different surname than the head. Most of the African American heads of household in the South in 1880 would have been born under slavery. Some African American geneal-ogists don’t find their ancestors on the 1870 census and try to go from the 1880 Census to the 1860 Census Slave Schedule.This is a dif-ficult leap of twenty years through the most tumultuous period of our nation’s history,which can cause all Researching the late nineteenth century, from Reconstruction immediately following the Civil War to the eve of the twentieth century, can be both a blessing and a curse for many African American families. Using the 1880 census to identify families, The 1870 census: the first after emancipation, Ⓒ 2020 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved. If you can find them here, try again in 1850. The 1900 and 1910 censuses list African Americans working as white-washers, laborers, shipping clerks, and as railroad porters and dining car waiters. The majority of the 1890 census no longer survives. 1880 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, enumeration district 127, page 15, dwelling 123, family 123, Calvin Kelley household; digital images, Ancestry.com, NARA microfilm publication T9, FHL Film roll 1321. ___________________________________________________________________, Information in this Wiki page is excerpted from the online course Research: African American Ancestors offered by The National Institute for Genealogical Studies. No. Martin-Quiatte: 1870 Census - Ward 1 St. Helena Parish: 8 K Oct. 2001: S.K. A freed person might have taken the name of their former enslaver or a name prominent in the community. It’s also the time where many people who are … Facts for Features & Special Editions | January 22, 2020. Sch. The Missouri Compromise: What Was it and How Did it Contribute to the Civil War? See the resources section below for detailed entries on these sources. 1870 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, Beat 1, Corsicana post office, page 1, dwelling 3, family 3, Calvin Kelly household; digital images, Ancestry.com; citing NARA microfilm publication M593, FHL Film roll 1600. This resource contains approximately 660,000 African-American individuals who were enumerated in the 1870 federal census returns. 1880 U.S. Census before getting stumped with the 1870 Census. Information is extracted from original U.S. federal census schedules. I have compiled name lists that can be linked to through this page. Therefore the Federal Census taken in 1870 is important because the names of all of the black citizens are recorded. The eldest Black males listed was Julius Cesare, a farmer, aged 40, born in North Carolina, whose personal estate was valued at $300 . The latter two occupations were for the Southern Pacific and the Santa Fe, the two major railroads that served the town. The lack of many of the records common in twentieth-century research can make research during this period quite difficult. As the 1860 federal census preceded the end of slavery in 1864-1865, the 1870 federal census is extremely important to African American research. The statistics of the population of the United States, embracing the tables of race, nationality, sex, selected ages, and occupations. Conflicts can divert us from our established path as we know it, forcing us to rethink our strategy. AFRICAN AMERICANS - 1870 CENSUS - MADISON COUNTY, NEW YORK a Page No. You should try to use other records to corroborate the presumed relationship, but the census may be the only evidence you can locate. Date P.O. Name: Document(s) Anderson, Ada : Arnold, Amos : Arnold, Andrew : Arnold, Arnold Wm. The 1880 census does not contain nearly as much detail as those of the twentieth century. Keep in mind that African American surnames were fluid in the era after emancipation. No. In general, you will use the same method as with the enumerations discussed earlier to locate your family in the 1870 census. A service provided by, The National Institute for Genealogical Studies, https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_the_U.S._Federal_Census,_1870-1890_(National_Institute)&oldid=2311476, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Martin-Quiatte: 1870 Census -Ward 2 St. Helena Parish: 70 K Nov. 2001: S.K.Martin-Quiatte: 1870 Census - Ward 3 St. Helena Parish: K Nov. 2001: S.K.Martin-Quiatte: 1870 Census - Ward 4 St. Helena Parish: K Nov. 2001 1870 U.S. Census - Calvin Kelly household. Last Name First Name Age Sex Color Occu. In Census records, from 1790-1840, only names of the head of household were provided, along with the number of slaves and "free persons of color." The surname is only listed one time per County, even though … Furthermore, the constant use of racially-charged language to describe African Ancestors will bring the often-oppressive environment to life, easily discouraging sensitive researchers. Get two full weeks of free access to more than 12 billion genealogy records right now. Areas represented include Georgia, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia, as well as the counties containing the cities of Baltimore, Chicago, New York City, and St. Louis. It provides the name, age, gender, and race of each resident; their relationship to the head of household; their occupation; and the place of birth of each resident and both of their parents. 1870 Winn Parish Census: 10 K June 2000: S.K. You should also check AccessGenealogy Cemeteries for additional listings. Unless your family was lucky enough to have lived in one of the few counties that survived, you will need to find an alternative means to trace your family. In 1850 and 1860, the Federal government took a supplemental slave census, giving the slave owner's name, and the number of slaves by gender, age, and a designation of black or mulatto. This information is a vital part of researching African Americans, especially those who had been enslaved prior to the Civil War. Researching the late nineteenth century, from Reconstruction immediately following the Civil War to the eve of the twentieth century, can be both a blessing and a curse for many African American families. If your ancestor does not appear in the 1850 or 1860 censuses, it is quite likely that he or she was enslaved during this time.Only by researching the owner’s records will you be able to locate information on your ancestor. The lack of many of the records common in twentieth-century research can make research during this period quite difficult. Robyn. It is also the first census where all of the hundred largest cities in the United States reported populations of more than ten thousand, and it was the last US federal census that was conducted by US Marshals as enumerators. I am reposting it here on my blog. National Archives Microfilm Series, Roll, and Page Number. Locating records of slave ancestors prior to emancipation requires researching the slave owner’s family sinc… All Rights Reserved — Privacy Policy  | Terms of Use, County and Locality of Residence At The Time of The Census. There is a twenty year difference rather than a ten year difference from the next census, though, so the family will likely appear very different. The census itself only constitutes indirect evidence. What are the Four Best Free Genealogy Websites? It is the first US federal census to count African-American populations in any kind of detail; previous censuses had only recorded those who were free, while the whole African-American population was free in the 1870 census. The 1870 population census is a great source, as it enumerated many African Americans, for the first time by name. Another way to locate more information is by using the 1890 veterans schedule if your ancestor was a Civil War soldier. African Americans also operated businesses in early twentieth century Emeryville. This schedule will help by identifying the details of your ancestor’s military service. If you find your ancestor by name in both census years, identified as a free African American, you are quite likely to be able to locate additional county records to provide more information. Researching African American ancestors can be challenging and often requires some creative searching methods. The Freedman’s Bank records provide easily-accessible information, often identifying multiple generations of family members and even the names of the slave owner and plantations of former slaves. This list consists of names taken from the official United States Federal … We have been provided with Slave Schedules, Free Inhabitants and a few other records of value for the search for our African American Ancestors. This page has been viewed 6,925 times (0 via redirect). Diagram shows map of Georgia with colors to mark the number of African Americans in each county. To learn more about this course or other courses available from the Institute, see our website. Look at the Slave owners records, see if there are any court cases involving the slave owner, land or chancery records? African Americans do have names prior to 1870. Each census can prove to be invaluable in painting a portrait of a family at a particular place and time. What is a Haplogroup and What Can It Tell You About Your Family Tree. Many Southern U.S. states historically had African Americans compose 35% or more of their total population(s), with three of them (Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina) even having an African American majority at certain periods in their history. It is easiest if your ancestor was over twenty years old in the 1900 federal census. Information details surname, given name, age, sex, race (black or mulatto), birthplace, locality, and county. Each position in a row and column corresponded to a specific data entry on the census schedule. Most genealogy guides that address Native Americans in the census incorrectly state that the first federal decennial census in which at least a portion of the Indian population is enumerated is 1870. Fam. Having spent a portion of his childhood in Liberia, Ferguson welcomes this return and spends … You have even read an article, book,… (Update, 2020: Read the post on Understanding the Slave Community to learn to create a research tool for analyzing the 1870 census.) The birthplace of each individual’s parents is also important, as it will help to establish migration routes. A full exploration of how slaves decided upon the surname by which they would become known as freedmen has never been completed. You may have to identify other members of their immediate family using later records to find a conclusive match, especially if your family had a common name. The names on these lists are slaveholders who were some of the largest slaveholders in the listed County in 1860. Beginning in 1870, the census li… We can be contacted at wiki@genealogicalstudies.com. Overview - 1870 Census Census Bureau. In 2001, I began a process of transcribing names of some of the largest slaveholders and matching the surnames with numbers of African Americans on the 1870 census. Once you have traced your ancestor back to the 1870 federal census, the next step would be to confirm whether your ancestor was free or enslaved in 1860. On the other hand, the period immediately following the Civil War—called Reconstruction—witnessed the creation of a treasure trove of records containing unique information about African Americans. We welcome updates and additions to this Wiki page. The main black population however would remain enslaved until 1865. National African American (Black) History Month: February 2021 To commemorate and celebrate the contributions to our nation made by people of African descent, historian Carter G. Woodson established Black History Week. Even worse, during this period, many African Americans—some using surnames for the very first time—changed their surnames once or even several times. Without exception, these persons could neither read nor write. Can't R/w Cit. Follow the $$$$$ There is context before emancipation in the 1860s and the first census in 1870. © 1995-2021 Ancestral Findings, LLC. Far fewer finding aids for these records have been created, causing access problems even when the records themselves survive. The Black Caucus of the American Library Association (BCALA) published this in their newsletter, BCALA News, Summer 2015, Volume 42 Issue 3, pp 41-46. That census shows 77 African-Americans with the surname McGough: 31 in Georgia, 21 in Louisiana, 15 in Louisiana, 9 in Arkansas, and 1 in Mississippi. Dwell. Census Bureau clerks using pantographs could prepare approximately 500 cards per day. The Summer Camps of Our Youth: A Great American Tradition: The Sixteenth Amendment: The Constitutional Amendments, Genuine Irish St. Patrick’s Day Traditions, The Fifteenth Amendment: The Constitutional Amendments, The Fourteenth Amendment: The Constitutional Amendments, The Real Truth Behind Coats of Arms and Family Crests. The 1870 census form called for the dwelling houses to be numbered in the order of visitation; families numbered in order of visitation; and the name of every person whose place of abode on the first day of June 1870 was with the family. Before presuming an African American was a slave on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 should be checked, as almost 11% of African Americans were enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. The 1870 census was the first federal census to list African Americans by name. Many records for African Americans were kept separately from other records and maintained with less vigor, leading to some record loss. He becomes the Missionary Bishop of Cape Palmas, a region of coastal Liberia. This census serves as a sort of “gatekeeper” between our families in the twentieth century, and their nineteenth-century antecedents. MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Charleston County population included 29,136 whites, 3,622 "free colored" and 37,290 slaves. The Eighteenth Amendment: The Constitutional Amendments, Rachel Donelson Jackson, Emily Donelson, and Sarah Yorke Jackson: America’s First Ladies #7, The Seventeenth Amendment: The Constitutional Amendments. By the 1870 census, the white population had dropped a slight 3% to 28,204, while the "colored" population increased 48% to 60,603. The 1870 census remains, for those researching African-Americans, the most critical census of all. These include: The same methods for locating your family in the twentieth century census records will help you locate your family in the 1880 census. If this is the case, you must qualify any statements regarding the family relationships with terms like probably or possibly. 1880 U.S. Census - Calvin Kelly household. Later censuses … You are viewing all records. If you cannot find your family in 1870, try looking for their given names rather than just the surname. The same family may appear with different surnames in the 1870 and 1880 federal census records, and may appear in other records with either, both, or a third surname altogether. Again, this information can be used to identify slave owners. Some states also produced their own state censuses in the period between the surviving 1880 and 1900 federal censuses. But it’s a brick wall that can, with diligent research, come crashing down. 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