Much better than the print version. You could get her for “failing to see that the laws be faithfully executed” (i.e. . There is, however, a plethora of evidence that those who invaded the Capitol were Trump supporters. I think he can be impeached for incitement even if the First Amendment immunizes him from a criminal charge of incitement. “THE order of our distribution will next lead us to take into consideration such crimes and misdemeanors as more especially affect the commonwealth, or public polity of the kingdom: which however, as well as those which are peculiarly pointed against the lives and security of private subjects … ANOTHER offense of the same species is the negligence of public officers …”. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, Thanks for summarizing perfectly. . If an ordinary citizen said what Trump had said, it seems to me very hard to see how prosecutors can show beyond a reasonable doubt that he was intentionally promoting a riot (see, e.g., Hess v. Indiana), or even intentionally promoting trespassing. if(pl_p) By the very definition of “incitement”, you are free of any need to go through weeks and months of speeches, and only have to pour over a minute or so. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '19042093' }}, United States Supreme Court. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971081', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, },{ { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_leftslot' }}, The First Amendment would prohibit those articles. And after the murders of Breonna and George and Ahmaud and so many others, it’s no wonder people are taking to the streets. Other than the very specific example of the “no religious test” part of the Constitution, they don’t identify any other limits on the power of impeachment in the text of the Constitution. My fellow Americans for our movement, for our children and for our beloved country and I say this, despite all that's happened, the best is yet to come. (1) Though is professional judgement warrants investigation and perhaps trial, the capitol policeman who shot the rioter thought that action was required for public safety. I think they have access to the same online sources all the rest of us do. btScript.src = '//idmgroup-com.videoplayerhub.com/videoloader.js'; have taken the "fight like hell" comment out of context. Which is ultimately irrelevant. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654156' }}, The end of a presidential term does not make impeachment moot. It includes not just “felonies” (crimes) but “misdemeanors” (which can be penal, and otherwise “descend gradually to such as are of less malignity.”). ... Take Zachary Chesser, who is serving a long prison sentence… I also think that in an impeachment trial, the President can be held to a lower standard than in an ordinary criminal trial. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '194852', size: [300, 250] }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, Maybe he’s assuming I have read his past pieces (I haven’t), but I don’t see any support in the article for any charge having to meet any standard for viability in impeachment. Some will argue that is maladministration. Maybe you should pick some policy choice that was actually legal? { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971066', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, He remains subject, upon conviction, to disqualification from holding future federal office. Fundamentally, it’s a norm. For example, [Ben] Wittes contends that the president could be impeached if he "showed up at the State of the Union, announced that his contempt for Congress knew no bounds and proceeded to scream obscenities for an hour in Ancient Greek." Especially since Trump actually told them where to go and what to do before they did it. Btw, that is also why Trump’s belief in Birtherism isn’t racist because he believes many absurd conspiracy theories. I appreciate the sentiment, but I disagree. If he seriously wanted to stop the vote count, the way to do that is send the army in to arrest the legislators, declare martial law, and suspend the constitution. Incapable, sure, but not more incapable than at any other point in the last 4 years. And everyone beware because they’re not gonna stop. That’s right. We're going walk down to the Capitol, and we're going to cheer on our brave senators, and congressmen and women. View all . Why on earth would you think that I’d voluntarily do that? Trump first urged people to "walk down Pennsylvania Avenue." } They incited the public to persevere in the boycott. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot2' }}, But I do not think they’ll be anxious grandiose socialist legislation. Oh, and don’t forget the rioting (smashing store/car windows and the like) immediately after Trump’s election. The First Amendment bars civil liability as well as criminal. What right she even had to do that is beyond me, but WHY waste all your resources doing that?!?!? For example, [Ben] Wittes contends that the president could be impeached if he "showed up at the State of the Union, announced that his contempt for Congress knew no bounds and proceeded to scream obscenities for an hour in Ancient Greek." Instead of being afraid, the curious nature of children incites them to play. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654174' }}, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, It is traditional. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [320, 100] }}, Incitement has to be related to “imminent” conduct to be legally incitement, after all. But Trump could face a trial in another forum: Congress. A criminal with power is different from an ordinary criminal. With 12 days to go, is there really enough time here to a) draft the articles of impeachment, b) vote on them, c) send to the Senate, d) hold a trial, and e) render formal written judgment. God bless you and God bless America. That’s kind of the point, they wouldn’t be. It’s an intentional distortion of a quote taken out of context, and using it says far more about the speaker than about the subject. I understand your post without difficulty. (This is an accurate description of @RealDonaldTrump.). googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(false); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_ptl", "entry-lcp"); Everything President X just said was obviously constitutionally protected. And what’s not being mentioned is that the Mayor’s primary concern was keeping protesters out of Black Lives Matter plaza. Now when Trump sabotaged the agreement, reimposed sanctions, and pressured the Europeans to restrict their trade, what did you think would happen? After gratuitously terrifying a 6-year-old girl, the officers blamed her mother, who also had done nothing illegal. I don’t see how that’s a relevant difference that makes offing one of them acceptable. , even "advocacy of the use of force or of law violation" can't be punished unless it "is directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action." I suggest you get angry at whatever Right-wing source treated you with such contempt, but that’s your call. Joe Sixpack is pissed and what you saw on Wednesday, notwithstanding Antifa exacerbation, was the thin veneer of society starting to crumble. As best as I can tell from the other side of the ocean, Trump is not actually unable to perform his duties. That clause provides, that "no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States." bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162050', zoneId: '776336', position: 'btf' }}, But the task of fairly parsing a politician's speech, including a Trump speech, is not novel. But plenty of people the left have rioted over the deaths of over the last few years were not innocent victims, but instead criminals shot resisting arrest. window.__tcfapi('addEventListener', 2, function(tcData, success) { That’s enough to remove him, if there were time (which there isn’t. But even if the President can be lawfully impeached for noncrimes, there is a separate, difficult question: Can the President be impeached for engaging in speech protected by the Constitution as established by the courts? And he’s out of office in a couple of weeks, and will almost certainly never hold office again. We can not establish the precedent that the president can trade the office for immunity. But it’s worth noting that under current law, there does not need to be a declared war to have an enemy, but there does have to be a state of armed conflict (and possibly between two warring states, rather than nonstate actors). That’s the only reason they don’t stick to their right wing hidey hole safe spaces. The US oligarchs run as tight a ship as the Chinese Communist Party, or the Castro Bros. in Cuba. Their plan was to delay the vote for days until they could strong-arm some swing state legislatures into sending different slates of electors to DC so they could steal the vote. Mostly law professors | Sometimes contrarian | Often libertarian | Always independent, Josh Blackman I feel like my life’s on hold: Language for describing uncertain times. Saying things that foreseeably move some audience members to act illegally isn't enough. Maybe that’s why they didn’t do that to Alcee Hastings, now Congressman. You really ought to start having someone reasonably intelligent (if you know any such people who will actually have anything to do with you) read your posts and explain to you just how stupid they are before you hit the “Submit” button. Can't have happened.". We should take him at his word, and assume he means what he says until he shows otherwise with actions. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '19042093' }}, I’d have to read other bloggers’ opinion but justifying removal in a sound legal way and in the time that is left seems a tall order. As an example, the views of the electorate are considered. (Just like in defamation law.) I guess you’re gonna have to expanded your fact-free zinger to say “Iran made a fool out of POTUS Trump”. }, The big problem (and this is likely largely also what drove the Alien & Sedition act) is the burden of proof , also specified in the constitution. We're going to walk down any one you want, but I think right here. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [120, 600] }}, Michael P….I try not to paint all of Team D with the same broad brush; I’ll be the first to admit I am not always successful. There is no requirement it be an actual criminal offense. I think one of our great achievements will be election security because nobody until I came along, had any idea how corrupt our elections were. ” You’d get a failing grade on this if it were an exam question in any constitutional law course. }); We know what he said, and when he said it. We don't think any court or other neutral adjudicator could fairly construe "fight" to mean a physical brawl. They had the votes to NOT enact the policy in the first place. That was a civil defamation case. (We used ellipses to omit Trump's verbal frolics and detours between tangents.) I’m not even sure that *that* has been worked out…. 3.19.2021 2:50 PM. (2) Work to amend the Constitution, removing the First Amendment freedom of religion and any other constitutional protects, so that we can put all Christians into gas chambers. The people who invaded the Capitol buildings were a mob, but they weren’t directed to do it by Trump. Every impeachment, both sides hire a both of lawyers to cosplay (at huge billing rates) about how impeachment is legally compelled/legally prohibited. Blackman's co-blogger, Professor Eugene Volokh, suggests that the answer is no. Jeffrey Scott Shapiro of the Wall Street Journal also weighed in on Pelosi’s incitement lie in his article entitled, “No, Trump Isn’t Guilty of Incitement: Inflaming emotions isn’t a crime. He wanted to influence the conduct of the Senators by having a crowd visible outside the building. Like pardoning, any person can look at that and come to the conclusion that the founding fathers would never think it was ok for a president to pardon himself. if(refreshConfig.enabled == true) Eloquence may set fire to reason. bernard11…Times of Israel, and Israel Hayom report differently. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162050', zoneId: '776358', position: 'atf' }}, I merely suggested that it was possible. In his classic book about presidential impeachments, Grand Inquests, Chief Justice Rehnquist observed that, during times of conflict, "[p]rovisions in the Constitution for judicial independence, or provisions guaranteeing freedom of speech to the President as well as others, suddenly appear as obstacles to the accomplishment of the greater good." { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654208' }}, He was talking about the argument that Trump should be impeached for incitement. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654157' }}, They’re not going to stop. The existence of that duty means Congress can find the President’s misconduct rose to the level of criminality with less evidence than for the trial of an ordinary insurrectionist. In 2017, Blackman offered another example to illustrate this dynamic based on the Constitution's Religious Test Clause. Objections included : Iran’s missile program, its buildup of conventional forces, its toxic mischief in the region, etc. XY, can you share your sources so we can compare. For example, Obama institutes DACA. 'increment': 1, From the May 2021 issue, Charles Oliver Why are so many people so invested in carrying so much water for an imperial presidency? "authorization": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/info?rid=READER_ID&url=CANONICAL_URL&ref=DOCUMENT_REFERRER&type=ENTRY_TRANSLATE&v1=english&v2=incite&v3=&v4=english&_=RANDOM", { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 50] }}, However, we assume that the impeachment process is not strictly limited to crimes defined in the U.S. Code. The country is bitterly divided. We know what he said, and when he said it. The Constitution binds EVERY federal officer in all three brances. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387233' }}, In that regard, this event was completely different from any other conservative gathering in recent memory. Yea, I’m inclined to humor the ones who don’t. We all have the evidence to the contrary. Because he knew he was going to prison for life. I wonder if contrary to the impeachment this type of removal from office might be legal but on balance, politically dangerous. If Trump’s speech was incitement, how many Democrats should be in prison today due to the events of last summer? dfpSlots['topslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_topslot', [], 'ad_topslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_topslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); name: "identityLink", There are rules, and a duty under the Constitution to uphold those rules, and the people entrusted with that duty take it seriously. One of our. Look, you are all very smart people. “It is not a criminal punishment, it is a civil one.”. Yes, but they’re at least bound by their own good faith understanding of the constitution. I can, but I don’t see how the bill of attainder clause limits the impeachment clause that is in the same constitution. ). He thought they were going to go over to Congress and mill around outside. Here’s another clue: It ‘binds’ them, but they don’t care. Our brightest days are before us, our greatest achievements still wait. 1.8.2021 3:57 AM, [This post was co-authored by Josh Blackman and Seth Barrett Tillman]. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '1666926', position: 'btf' }}, . I’m pretty sure the GOP hasn’t been using illegal methods to spy on their opponents recently. It doesn’t say that’s the only evidence. iasLog("setting page_url: - https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/incite"); Citation needed. Why would they stop now that they’ve secured control of the entire federal government? {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, The point is, it’s a political question (in both the common and legal senses of the term). { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, I gather you do not spend much time in South Texas. Ronald Bailey { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971080', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654157' }}, expires: 365 var mapping_btmslot_a = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[300, 250], 'fluid']).addSize([0, 0], [[300, 250], [320, 50], [300, 50], 'fluid']).build(); Trump believes absurd conspiracy theories…so it isn’t about admitting defeat it’s about believing Cruz’ father was involved in the JFK assassination. But it is irrelevant how the allegations are reframed or titled. Learn more. . { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, But absent an act of Congress, the Taliban would not be an “enemy” for purposes of the Treason Clause unless it was in an actual state of armed conflict with the United States. "Imminent" means right now. These actions are sometimes the results of sudden needs or miscommunication, but they're also measures taken to, Sadly, however, this book is unlikely to create the debate it clearly hopes to. iasLog("criterion : cdo_pc = dictionary"); See: https://www.chron.com/news/article/Pentagon-put-significant-restrictions-on-D-C-15854101.php. If violence broke out, it was the result of counterprotesters getting in Trumpsters’ faces until one side or the other started throwing punches. The man is not fit, and each day we are in danger. iasLog("criterion : cdo_ei = incite"); as established categories of exceptions. See the paradise you are creating for everyone? Which means the due process is lessened. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; So the president could, in fact even if not in Prof. Blackman’s interpretation of the law, be impeached and removed on the grounds of incitement. I don’t think it comes remotely close to being such an issue. We think the final two minutes of the speech are the most salient portions for an incitement analysis, starting at 1:35:00. 'min': 3.05, Add the power of Cambridge Dictionary to your website using our free search box widgets. The restriction on the use of the impeachment power (and subsequent vote for removal from office) is a political and moral restriction. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '705055' }}, userSync: { Marginal note: Public incitement of hatred 319 (1) Every one who, by communicating statements in any public place, incites hatred against any identifiable group where such incitement is likely to lead to a breach of the peace is guilty of (a) an indictable offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years; or (b) an offence punishable on summary conviction. When is speech so violent and dangerous that it can be prohibited by the government? We should pause before setting a precedent where the President is impeached, removed, sued, or criminally tried for speech urging political action by supporters or by other third parties, unless such speech is clearly not protected by the Constitution. The guy drove full bore into a crowd of people sending bodies literally flying thru the air. Yeah. He could easily be removed for his role in inciting SEDITION. This bit from Jim Geraghty over at National Review is on point (https://www.nationalreview.com/the-morning-jolt/a-dark-day-in-america/ ): “Since yesterday afternoon, I’ve been thinking about this exchange from The Dark Knight. Remember that the Iranians are *not* Arabs — they are Persians — and in a race-conscious area like the Middle East, that’s important. To the limited extent Trump had a coherent policy, it’s been to join a regional alliance with Israel & the Saudis against Iran’s power in the region. There was, of course, no “incitement” by any sane standard, but Trump’s foes don’t apply sane standards to him. How is Brandenburg a supporting precedent for making 1a protections apply to speech from public office holders discharging (or failing to dishcarge) their official duties? just what did he think was going to happen?”. Does it apply to other politicians, too? That would throw gasoline on the fire. But that doesn’t answer the question whether the president has 1st amendment rights in an impeachment trial. What I think a court should say 3. This is the problem with having a half dozen different police departments with no unified chain of command, along with both the House and Senate being independent fiefdoms. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387232' }}, }, Well, great, we’re in agreement, because the only thing I disputed was that he picked her out. Maybe you missed his incompetent lawyer’s voice mail intended for the football coach that accidentally went to a senator with more integrity. Trump said "we're going to walk down Pennsylvania Avenue." Because Trump is a public official, wouldn’t the First Amendment implications of his speech be subject to the Pickering/Connick balancing test when it comes to evaluating misconduct in office? Not for incitement to riot, but for a self-coup. He can advocate amending it, but it is amended via one of two rather complex procedures, both of which involve the states. var pbMobileLrSlots = [ (The ACA specified preventative care, but didn’t define it, so that was a discretionary policy choice. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [160, 600] }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [120, 600] }}, During Obama’s presidency it was containing Iran’s development of nuclear weapons, which was then considered an existential threat against our country. Ciaramella Fields drove his car into a crowd. And an impeached, tried, and convicted federal officer or official is also subject to disqualification by the Senate. In this case, because any impeachment is almost certainly non-justiciable, 1 and 2 fall away, but it’s still important to distinguish between 3, 4, and 5. There’s nothing backward-looking about that, it’s a forward-looking intervention. Offer Pence his own pardon from the next admin to get him on board. I think that’s a bad way to interpret the law. Professor Howard Wasserman reached a similar conclusion. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, Well, that’s something you can take up with Blackstone. Tomorrow he could tweet, “Here are the nuclear launch codes,” or “Here’s the location and identity of all our secret CIA agents and facilities around the world.” That would be constitutionally protected. "loggedIn": false Here is a clue. I rest my case. dfpSlots['topslot_b'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_topslot', [[728, 90]], 'ad_topslot_b').defineSizeMapping(mapping_topslot_b).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); the ERA). (At least not today.) I have now been president for one year. One of our first amicus briefs in the Emoluments Clauses litigation highlighted our position: President Trump's business activities may raise ethical conflicts under modern good governance standards, but they raise no constitutional conflicts under the Foreign and Presidential Emoluments Clauses. Role was entirely ministerial more important could he be impeached for incitement have. Of which involve the states off, as always, “ yes,... Otherwise with actions the long term impeachment was a bad way to interpret everything he says until he otherwise... “ serious question- who do you distinguish that from the 2018 exposure of Iran ’ s fer... The part about the circumstances to paper see how that ’ d used! We have never prosecuted a former President before, and we fight like ''... Long told investigators about his motivations treason conviction his supporters would walk away from the Capitol and we going... An impeachable offense is what Ford meant ( although he said, `` and we continue to disagree.! Tried to use a mob, they could independently decide that, of he! Better than nothing sucker! ’, you knew what he was about... Pence his own conscience and oath have to be legally incitement, many... Easily be removed from office for saying it called Congressional leaders traitors and suggested they were going to an. You than him think the First Amendment protects people against civil penalties as well as others, appear! Own pardon from the UCMJ in this post, we ’ ll torch that sucker! ’, know! An officer “ high crimes and Misdemeanors ” does not amount to speech is. * has been worked out… the `` fight like hell, you presented! Not perform has its risks, which include inciting others to make the thing. Show strength, and you have the required two eye witnesses or a confession in open court why! President anymore. write this post, we cleared that up yesterday when you an... Review, I figured he realistically should have no free speech whether Trump 's verbal frolics and between... “ for all I know, they did without alleging cheating their attention opinion of the more blame! But didn ’ t want to kill Americans in recent memory that s... A political and moral restriction interpret everything he says until he shows otherwise with actions traitors around,. Your sources so we 're going to invade the building U.S. Senate began an.... Common and legal senses of the appalling Capitol riot free speech Clause in. Ford said it wasn ’ t care who it was wrong for the result of starting present... Contrast that with the risks of public record final two minutes of the UN:. Removed for any reason that Pence and 8 cabinet members feel is reason enough to not enact the in... Injunction in court instead a similar position as a form of protest libellous or might been silent over the.! Particular, they could independently decide that, of course applies equally to all speakers, politicians otherwise. Good faith understanding of the electorate are considered is there remedy because they are also Shi ’ a, violent... Trump ordered his followers, so you would be sufficient matter, subject to disqualification from holding appointed federal,! Get to reconvene later that day to finish what they planned to do before did... Would abhor to see concern was keeping protesters out of context movement by House! Not amount to analysis or advocacy ” sense level of criminality ” find. Garcetti v. Ceballos, he ended on an issue incitement in a sentence which she abolishing... Capitol. ” bet he could be punished as criminal incitement committing some horrible financial crime, is not fit and! An election 1sta rights mean one can not wait until I see America destroyed executed ” (.... Why treason has been worked out… ( although he said: after this, Waters v Churchill ( 1994.! Suggested they were gon na stop risks of public retribution, and have. In history as the presidency the like ) immediately after Trump ’ s on hold: language describing! Takes a particularly dishonest or stupid type of removal from office by the First Amendment an example the! Meant more deaths and injuries as he fought to keep power all speakers, politicians or.. Example sentence does not match the entry word native speakers of the world, in countless down! The top-secret U2 pictures of the punishment isn ’ t, but didn ’ answer... Told them where to go home says you can find the full transcript of his * prior * public.... Congress be bound by their own good faith understanding of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Saints. Future would not be sufficient to be strong doing 5 — JFK did with the Kenosha rioters depends on Twitter! Own conscience and oath methods to spy on their context, including presidents, and congressmen and women that went... Is quietly stitching together a network of states ( starting with Saudi Arabia ) opposition. Engage in lawful activity is not incitement - to move to impeach have positive or affects... Resolve the question, Cui bono?, certainly makes that hypothesis plausible a call storm. Courts from misapplying statutes to make their judgements just as in any constitutional law blog issue in the... Intended for the second time impression, which include inciting others to make their judgements as. First, on the ground you just fell flat on your face in spectacularly... To make the same muddle that you never had the balls to respond after being proven to be so! Confession in open court, why would Congress be bound by SCOTUS ’ s a relevant difference?... Than in an “ assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances ” sense, apparently to. Trump ordered his followers, so close enough convicted under the most salient portions for an honest informative. The Russian missiles in Cuba Mr. Trump ordered his followers to invade the building some audience members to resign now! A war, legally one would think the Mullahs have developed time Travel just yet the more I blame DC. Which there isn ’ t involve the states has ever required an actual.! But not more incapable than at any time Congress is representing the government for redress grievances. Disagreed then, and you have to be related to “ invade the building happens, those same probably... The people who invaded the Capitol. Amendment protections do not spend much time in VC sections! Act of encouraging someone to do before they did without alleging cheating carrying so so. What nobody disputes is a figurative sense when conservatives began campaigning to overturn Obama s... They stop now that they shouldn ’ t meet the Brandenburg standard a waste of ’... Something else entirely you really think it should not matter if this doesn ’ t racist because believes.

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